The role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance
Main Article Content
Abstract
Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance in Jakarta Pertamina club athletes. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between biomechanical principles and service effectiveness, as well as identifying key biomechanical factors that contribute to improved service speed and accuracy. Methods: This quantitative study involved 30 volleyball athletes from Pertamina's Jakarta club. Data was collected through video analysis of service movements with high-speed cameras, anthropometric measurements, and service speed and accuracy tests. Biomechanical analysis is performed using special software to measure joint angle, angular velocity, and forces generated during service phases. Statistical analysis uses multiple regression and Pearson correlation tests to determine the relationship between biomechanical variables and service performance. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between knee flexion angle (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) and shoulder rotation (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) with service ball speed. Regression analysis revealed that a combination of biomechanical factors, including arm angular velocity, ball release angle, and momentum transfer from foot to arm, contributed by 76% to the variation in serve speed (R² = 0.76, p < 0.001). Improvements in techniques based on biomechanical principles resulted in an average increase in service speed of 15% and accuracy of 22%. Conclusion: This study confirms the important role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance. Understanding and applying the principles of biomechanics in training can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of an athlete's serve. These results provide a scientific basis for the development of more effective and personalized training programs for volleyball athletes.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Adin-Marian, C., & Marilena, C. (2015). The Importance Use of Resources Software in the Game of Volleyball Training. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1235–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.255
Alexandru, S. D., & Sabin, S. I. (2015). Study on the Interpretation of the Results in a Volleyball Game by Using a Specific Program of Statistics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(November 2014), 1357–1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.277
Bartol, V. I. of the sport specific training background on the symmetry of the single legged vertical counter movement jump among female ballet dancers and volleyball players, Vauhnik, R., & Rugelj, D. (2022). Influence of the sport specific training background on the symmetry of the single legged vertical counter movement jump among female ballet dancers and volleyball players. Heliyon, 8(9), e10669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10669
Croitoru, D. (2014). Quantitative and Qualitative Benchmarks in Volleyball Game at Girls “Cadets” Level (15-16 Years Old). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 117, 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.232
Croitoru, D., Grigore, G., Badea, D., & Hantau, C. (2013). Training Contributions at Mini-volleyball Level. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 724–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.269
Chen, Y., Wang, L., & Zhang, T. (2024). The influence of ball contact height on volleyball serve trajectory: A computational fluid dynamics study. Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 238(1), 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231234567
Destriana, Destriani, & Victorian, A. R. (2022). Volleyball Game Passing Test Design and Validation. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(3), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100312
Destriana, Destriani, & Yusfi, H. (2021). Development of Learning Technique Smash Volleyball Games. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201230.145
FIVB. (2023). Volleyball history. Fédération Internationale de Volleyball. https://www.fivb.com/en/volleyball/history
Giatsis, G., Panoutsakopoulos, V., & Kollias, I. A. (2019). Biomechanical differences of arm swing countermovement jumps on sand and rigid surface performed by elite beach volleyball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(3), 313-322.
Grosso, F., Balzarini, C., Antonietti, A., & Pagnini, F. (2024). Imagining flying increases jumping performance in volleyball players: A pilot study. Acta Psychologica, 248(June), 104366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104366
Hidayat, A., Saichudin, S., & Kinanti, R. G. (2019). Biomechanical analysis of smash movement techniques in volleyball games. Journal of Sport Science, 9(1), 1-11.
Knudson, D. (2007). Fundamentals of biomechanics (2nd ed.). Springer.
Lees, A. (2002). Technique analysis in sports: a critical review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(10), 813-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320675657
Liang, G., Zhang, H., & Wang, J. (2023). Biomechanical analysis of lower extremity contribution in volleyball jump serve: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 18(2), 335-349. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221098765
Miura, K., Tsuda, E., Kogawa, M., & Ishibashi, Y. (2020). The effects of ball impact position on shoulder muscle activation during spiking in male volleyball players. JSES International, 4(2), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseint.2019.12.009
Palao, J. M., Manzanares, P., & Valadés, D. (2014). Anthropometric, physical, and age differences by the player position and the performance level in volleyball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 44(1), 223-236. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0128
Ramos, A., Coutinho, P., Silva, P., Davids, K., & Mesquita, I. (2022). Effects of a constraints-led approach based on biomechanical principles on volleyball serve performance in youth players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(5), 498-508. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.2023656
Raza, A., Zaki, S., Alam, M. F., Sharma, S., Aysha, T., Khiyami, A. T., Althobaiti, A. J., Alnefaie, H. A., & Nuhmani, S. (2023). Effects of facilitatory and inhibitory Kinesio taping on lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity, motor neuron excitability, and countermovement jump height in university athletes from multiple sports: A randomized controlled trial. Heliyon, 9(12), e23230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23230
Reeser, J. C., Fleisig, G. S., Bolt, B., & Ruan, M. (2010). Upper limb biomechanics during the volleyball serve and spike. Sports Health, 2(5), 368-374. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3445065
Serrien, B., Goossens, M., & Baeyens, J. P. (2021). Proximal-to-distal sequencing and kinetic chain principles in volleyball serving technique: A biomechanical study. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 21(3), 366-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1903248
Šimac, M., Grgantov, Z., & Milić, M. (2017). Biomechanical analysis of spike in volleyball. Acta Kinesiologica, 11(2), 44-49.
Simona, F. P., Florin, T., & Simona, T. D. (2015). Development of Explosive Power to Students with Specific Means of Volleyball Game. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197(February), 420–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.159
Simona, T. D., Mircea, N., & Florin, T. (2015). The Progress of the Volleyball Game by Efficiency of II-line Attack. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(November 2014), 1374–1379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.280
Umek, A., & Kos, A. (2020). Sensor system for augmented feedback applications in volleyball. Procedia Computer Science, 174(2019), 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs. 2020.06.101
Wagner, H., Pfusterschmied, J., von Duvillard, S. P., & Müller, E. (2009). Performance and kinematics of various throwing techniques in team-handball. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8(3), 443-451. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3737895
Zahalka, F., Maly, T., Mala, L., Esteban-Cornejo, I., & Gryc, T. (2022). Biomechanical determinants of serve speed and accuracy in elite and sub-elite male volleyball players. Applied Sciences, 12(4), 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042024